| dc.description.abstract | Background; Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes vaccine-preventable Hepatitis B disease. However, the immune response to the Hepatitis B vaccine varies, and 5 – 15% of vaccine recipients do not produce sufficient antibodies. Pre-vaccination inflammation and immune activation have recently been identified as factors that influence vaccine responses. The purpose of this study was to determine how baseline immune status affected antibody response to the Hepatitis B vaccine in adult participants.
Methods; We measured the cytokine levels in the participants' plasma using the 40 plex Luminex kit and compared them to the participants' anti-HBS antibodies. The enzyme-linked fluorescent assay was used to determine the anti-HBS titer levels. The One - Way Anova test was used to determine the difference in antibody responses between age groups, the Mann- Whitney U test was used to determine the difference between sexes/genders, and the Pearson's rank correlation test was used to determine the relationship between cytokine levels and antibody levels. Only P values ≤ 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results; This study included 96 participants (n =96) ranging in age from 18 to 47 years. The participants' mean age was 27.4±0.6 years. The mean antibody response was 420.1±40.3 IU/L. Among the participants, 93.75% (90/96) had Hepatitis B protective immunity. Females had higher anti-HBS titers than males, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.2033). The younger participants had a higher anti-HBS titer than their elders, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.085). Increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-, IFN-, IL-16, and CCL3 were linked to a lower antibody response to the Hepatitis B vaccine. There was also an increase in vaccine responses when the anti-inflammatory cytokine MIF levels were higher. With an increase in IL-2 levels, there was a decrease in vaccine response.
Conclusion; After vaccination, sero- protection against the Hepatitis B virus was 93.75%, which is comparable to global rates. Gender and age had no statistically significant effect on the antibody response to the Hepatitis B vaccine, but there was a trend toward higher antibody levels with younger age and being female. Higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were linked to lower levels of antibody response. This research indicates that vaccine responses vary by demographic and that baseline immune status can affect vaccine responses. That is to say, in order to enhance vaccine reactions, numerous aspects should be considered during vaccine development. | en_US |
